区别辨析doctor、physician、surgeon与dentist

doctor、physician、surgeon与dentist都含有“医生”之意。

doctor : 普通用词，泛指各科医生，即一切有行医资格的人。

• The doctor prescribed some medication.
  医生开了一些药。
• You should see a doctor about that cough.
  你咳嗽应该找医生看看。
• Good morning, Doctor Smith/Doctor.
  早上好，史密斯大夫／大夫。

physician : 指医院的内科医生。

• Her text is believed to be the oldest surviving manuscript by a female physician.
  她的文献据信是现存最古老的、由女性内科医生留下的手稿。
• One of the members of the surgical team leaked the story to a fellow physician who, in turn, confided in a reporter.
  手术小组的一名成员把这个消息泄露给了在一起工作的一个内科医生，后者又透露给了一位记者。

surgeon : 指专修外科或专修人体某个部分的外科专科医生，这种医生一般需对患者进行手术治疗。

• a brain/heart, etc. surgeon
  脑外科、心脏外科等医生
• We must be as impersonal as a surgeon with his knife.
  我们必须像外科医生拿手术刀时一样冷静客观，不受任何感情影响。

dentist : 指专门从事治牙的医生。

• You should have your teeth checked by a dentist at least twice a year.
  你每年至少应该请牙科医生检查两次牙齿。